Spring Design Information
A spring is a mechanical device that stores and releases energy when a force or torque is applied. The three basic types of spring action are compression, extension, and torsion.
Spring design involves selecting the right dimensions, material, and performance characteristics to meet the requirements of an application.
Types of Springs and How They Work
The three basic spring operating modes are compression, extension, and torsion.
- Compression springs resist compressive forces and shorten under load. Important design considerations include free length, outside diameter, spring rate, solid height, and buckling.
- Extension springs resist tensile forces and lengthen under load. Design considerations include initial tension, hook configuration, maximum extension, and fatigue life.
- Torsion springs resist a twisting moment and store energy as they rotate. Important factors include torque, angular deflection, leg geometry, material properties, and operating direction.
The appropriate spring type depends on the required motion, applied load, available space, and operating conditions.
Key Spring Design Considerations
Beyond basic dimensions and spring rate, several additional factors can affect spring performance, reliability, and service life. Consider these key spring design factors when selecting or designing a spring:
- Working envelope
- Material
- Elastic modulus
- Wire hardness
- Coiling direction
- Stress
- Cycles
- Initial Tension
- Solid Height
- Hysteresis
- Buckling
- Magnetic characteristics
- Heat Treatment (thermal processing)
- Corrosion
- Temperature
Spring Formulas and Engineering Resources
Use the following resources to explore spring calculations, engineering principles, and additional design considerations:
